A Diary From Dixie, Chapter 21, Part 1

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XXI. CAMDEN, S. C.

May 2,1865 - August 2, 1865

CAMDEN, S. C., May 2, 1865. - Since we left Chester nothing but solitude, nothing but tall blackened chimneys, to show that any man has ever trod this road before. This is Sherman's track. It is hard not to curse him. I wept incessantly at first. The roses of the gardens are already hiding the ruins. My husband said Nature is a wonderful renovator. He tried to say something else and then I shut my eyes and made a vow that if we were a crushed people, crushed by weight, I would never be a whimpering, pining slave.

We heard loud explosions of gunpowder in the direction of Camden. Destroyers were at it there. Met William Walker, whom Mr. Preston left in charge of a car-load of his valuables. General Preston was hardly out of sight before poor helpless William had to stand by and see the car plundered. "My dear Missis! they have cleaned me out, nothing left," moaned William the faithful. We have nine armed couriers with us. Can they protect us?

Bade adieu to the staff at Chester. No general ever had so remarkable a staff, so accomplished, so agreeable, so well bred, and, I must say, so handsome, and can add so brave and efficient.

May 4th. - Home again at Bloomsbury. From Chester to Winnsboro we did not see one living thing, man, woman, or animal, except poor William trudging home after his sad disaster. The blooming of the gardens had a funereal effect.

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Nature is so luxuriant here, she soon covers the ravages of savages. No frost has occurred since the seventh of March, which accounts for the wonderful advance in vegetation. This seems providential to these starving people. In this climate so much that is edible can be grown in two months.

At Winnsboro we stayed at Mr. Robertson's. There we left the wagon train. Only Mr. Brisbane, one of the general's couriers, came with us on escort duty. The Robertsons were very kind and hospitable, brimful of Yankee anecdotes. To my amazement the young people of Winnsboro had a May-day celebration amid the smoking ruins. Irrepressible is youth.

The fidelity of the negroes is the principal topic. There seems to be not a single case of a negro who betrayed his master, and yet they showed a natural and exultant joy at being free. After we left Winnsboro negroes were seen in the fields plowing and hoeing corn, just as in antebellum times. The fields in that respect looked quite cheerful. We did not pass in the line of Sherman's savages, and so saw some houses standing.

Mary Kirkland has had experience with the Yankees. She has been pronounced the most beautiful woman on this side of the Atlantic, and has been spoiled accordingly in all society. When the Yankees came, Monroe, their negro manservant, told her to stand up and hold two of her children in her arms, with the other two pressed as close against her knees as they could get. Mammy Selina and Lizzie then stood grimly on each side of their young missis and her children. For four mortal hours the soldiers surged through the rooms of the house. Sometimes Mary and her children were roughly jostled against the wall, but Mammy and Lizzie were stanch supporters. The Yankee soldiers taunted the negro women for their foolishness in standing by their cruel slave-owners, and taunted Mary with being glad of the protection of her poor ill-used slaves. Monroe meanwhile had one leg bandaged and pretended to be lame,

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so that he might not be enlisted as a soldier, and kept making pathetic appeals to Mary.

"Don't answer them back, Miss Mary," said he. "Let 'em say what dey want to; don't answer 'em back. Don't give 'em any chance to say you are impudent to 'em."

One man said to her: "Why do you shrink from us and avoid us so? We did not come here to fight for negroes; we hate them. At Port Royal I saw a beautiful white woman driving in a wagon with a coal-black negro man. If she had been anything to me I would have shot her through the heart." "Oh, oh!" said Lizzie, "that's the way you talk in here. I'll remember that when you begin outside to beg me to run away with you."

Finally poor Aunt Betsy, Mary's mother, fainted from pure fright and exhaustion. Mary put down her baby and sprang to her mother, who was lying limp in a chair, and fiercely called out, "Leave this room, you wretches! Do you mean to kill my mother? She is ill; I must put her to bed." Without a word they all slunk out ashamed. "If I had only tried that hours ago," she now said. Outside they remarked that she was "an insolent rebel huzzy, who thinks herself too good to speak to a soldier of the United States," and one of them said: "Let us go in and break her mouth." But the better ones held the more outrageous back. Monroe slipped in again and said: "Missy, for God's sake, when dey come in be sociable with 'em. Dey will kill you."

"Then let me die."

The negro soldiers were far worse than the white ones.

Mrs. Bartow drove with me to Mulberry. On one side of the house we found every window had been broken, every bell torn down, every piece of furniture destroyed, and every door smashed in. But the other side was intact. Maria Whitaker and her mother, who had been left in charge, explained this odd state of things. The Yankees were busy as beavers, working like regular carpenters, destroying everything when their general came in and stopped

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them. He told them it was a sin to destroy a fine old house like that, whose owner was over ninety years old. He would not have had it done for the world. It was wanton mischief. He explained to Maria that soldiers at such times were excited, wild, and unruly. They carried off sacks full of our books, since unfortunately they found a pile of empty sacks in the garret. Our books, our letters, our papers were afterward strewn along the Charleston road. Somebody found things of ours as far away as Vance's Ferry.

This was Potter's raid.1 Sherman took only our horses. Potter's raid came after Johnston's surrender, and ruined us finally, burning our mills and gins and a hundred bales of cotton. Indeed, nothing is left to us now but the bare land, and the debts contracted for the support of hundreds of negroes during the war.

J. H. Boykin was at home at the time to look after his own interests, and he, with John de Saussure, has saved the cotton on their estates, with the mules and farming utensils and plenty of cotton as capital to begin on again. The negroes would be a good riddance. A hired man would be a good deal cheaper than a man whose father and mother, wife and twelve children have to be fed, clothed, housed, and nursed, their taxes paid, and their doctor's bills, all for his half-done, slovenly, lazy work. For years we have thought negroes a nuisance that did not pay. They pretend exuberant loyalty to us now. Only one man of Mr. Chesnut's left the plantation with the Yankees.

When the Yankees found the Western troops were not at Camden, but down below Swift Creek, like sensible folk they came up the other way, and while we waited at Chester
1. The reference appears to be to General Edward E. Potter, a native of New York City, who died in 1889. General Potter entered the Federal service early in the war. He recruited a regiment of North Carolina troops and engaged in operations in North and South Carolina and Eastern Tennessee.

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for marching orders we were quickly ruined after the surrender. With our cotton saved, and cotton at a dollar a pound, we might be in comparatively easy circumstances. But now it is the devil to pay, and no pitch hot. Well, all this was to be.

Godard Bailey, editor, whose prejudices are all against us, described the raids to me in this wise: They were regularly organized. First came squads who demanded arms and whisky. Then came the rascals who hunted for silver, ransacked the ladies' wardrobes and scared women and children into fits - at least those who could be scared. Some of these women could not be scared. Then came some smiling, suave, well-dressed officers, who "regretted it all so much." Outside the gate officers, men, and bummers divided even, share and share alike, the piles of plunder.

When we crossed the river coming home, the ferry man at Chesnut's Ferry asked for his fee. Among us all we could not muster the small silver coin he demanded. There was poverty for you. Nor did a stiver appear among us until Molly was hauled home from Columbia, where she was waging war with Sheriff Dent's family. As soon as her foot touched her native heath, she sent to hunt up the cattle. Many of our cows were found in the swamp; like Marion's men they had escaped the enemy. Molly sells butter for us now on shares.

Old Cuffey, head gardener at Mulberry, and Yellow Abram, his assistant, have gone on in the even tenor of their way. Men may come and men may go, but they dig on forever. And they say they mean to "as long as old master is alive." We have green peas, asparagus, lettuce, spinach, new potatoes, and strawberries in abundance - enough for ourselves and plenty to give away to refugees. It is early in May and yet two months since frost. Surely the wind was tempered to the shorn lamb in our case.

Johnny went over to see Hampton. His cavalry are ordered

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to reassemble on the 20th - a little farce to let themselves down easily; they know it is all over. Johnny, smiling serenely, said, "The thing is up and forever."

Godard Bailey has presence of mind. Anne Sabb left a gold card-case, which was a terrible oversight, among the cards on the drawing-room table. When the Yankee raiders saw it their eyes glistened. Godard whispered to her: "Let them have that gilt thing and slip away and hide the silver." "No!" shouted a Yank, "you don't fool me that way; here's your old brass thing; don't you stir; fork over that silver." And so they deposited the gold card-case in Godard's hands, and stole plated spoons and forks, which had been left out because they were plated. Mrs. Beach says two officers slept at her house. Each had a pillow-case crammed with silver and jewelry - "spoils of war," they called it.

Floride Cantey heard an old negro say to his master: "When you all had de power you was good to me, and I'll protect you now. No niggers nor Yankees shall tech you. If you want anything call for Sambo. I mean, call for Mr. Samuel; dat my name now."

May 10th. - A letter from a Pharisee who thanks the Lord she is not as other women are; she need not pray, as the Scotch parson did, for a good conceit of herself. She writes, "I feel that I will not be ruined. Come what may, God will provide for me." But her husband had strengthened the Lord's hands, and for the glory of God, doubtless, invested some thousands of dollars in New York, where Confederate moth did not corrupt nor Yankee bummers break through and steal. She went on to tell us: "I have had the good things of this world, and I have enjoyed them in their season. But I only held them as steward for God. My bread has been cast upon the waters and will return to me."

E. M. Boykin said to-day: "We had a right to strike for our independence, and we did strike a bitter blow.

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They must be proud to have overcome such a foe. I dare look any man in the face. There is no humiliation in our position after such a struggle as we made for freedom from the Yankees." He is sanguine. His main idea is joy that he has no negroes to support, and need hire only those he really wants.

Stephen Elliott told us that Sherman said to Joe Johnston, "Look out for yourself. This agreement only binds the military, not the civil, authorities." Is our destruction to begin anew? For a few weeks we have had peace.

Sally Reynolds told a short story of a negro pet of Mrs. Kershaw's. The little negro clung to Mrs. Kershaw and begged her to save him. The negro mother, stronger than Mrs. Kershaw, tore him away from her. Mrs. Kershaw wept bitterly. Sally said she saw the mother chasing the child before her as she ran after the Yankees, whipping him at every step. The child yelled like mad, a small rebel blackamoor.

May 16th. - We are scattered and stunned, the remnant of heart left alive within us filled with brotherly hate. We sit and wait until the drunken tailor who rules the United States of America issues a proclamation, and defines our anomalous position.

Such a hue and cry, but whose fault? Everybody is blamed by somebody else. The dead heroes left stiff and stark on the battle-field escape, blame every man who stayed at home and did not fight. I will not stop to hear excuses. There is not one word against those who stood out until the bitter end, and stacked muskets at Appomattox.

May 18th. - A feeling of sadness hovers over me now, day and night, which no words of mine can express. There is a chance for plenty of character study in. this Mulberry house, if one only had the heart for it. Colonel Chesnut, now ninety-three, blind and deaf, is apparently as strong as ever, and certainly as resolute of will. Partly patriarch,

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COL. JAMES CHESNUT, SR.
From a Portrait in Oil by Gilbert Stuart.

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partly grand seigneur, this old man is of a species that we shall see no more - the last of a race of lordly planters who ruled this Southern world, but now a splendid wreck. His manners are unequaled still, but underneath this smooth exterior lies the grip of a tyrant whose will has never been crossed. I will not attempt what Lord Byron says he could not do, but must quote again: "Everybody knows a gentleman when he sees him. I have never met a man who could describe one." We have had three very distinct specimens of the genus in this house - three generations of gentlemen, each utterly different from the other - father, son, and grandson.

African Scipio walks at Colonel Chesnut's side. He is six feet two, a black Hercules, and as gentle as a dove in all his dealings with the blind old master, who boldly strides forward, striking with his stick to feel where he is going. The Yankees left Scipio unmolested. He told them he was absolutely essential to his old master, and they said, "If you want to stay so bad, he must have been good to you always." Scip says he was silent, for it "made them mad if you praised your master."

Sometimes this old man will stop himself, just as he is going off in a fury, because they try to prevent his attempting some feat impossible in his condition of lost faculties. He will ask gently, "I hope that I never say or do anything unseemly! Sometimes I think I am subject to mental aberrations." At every footfall he calls out, "Who goes there?" If a lady's name is given he uncovers and stands, with hat off, until she passes. He still has the old-world art of bowing low and gracefully.

Colonel Chesnut came of a race that would brook no interference with their own sweet will by man, woman, or devil. But then such manners has he, they would clear any man's character, if it needed it. Mrs. Chesnut, his wife, used to tell us that when she met him at Princeton, in the nineties of the eighteenth century, they called him "the

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Young Prince." He and Mr. John Taylor,1 of Columbia, were the first up-country youths whose parents were wealthy enough to send them off to college.

When a college was established in South Carolina, Colonel John Chesnut, the father of the aforesaid Young Prince, was on the first board of trustees. Indeed, I may say that, since the Revolution of 1776, there has been no convocation of the notables of South Carolina, in times of peace anti prosperity, or of war and adversity, in which a representative man of this family has not appeared. The estate has been kept together until now. Mrs. Chesnut said she drove down from Philadelphia on her bridal trip, in a chariot and four - a cream-colored chariot with outriders.

They have a saying here-on account of the large families with which people are usually blessed, and the subdivision of property consequent upon that fact, besides the tendency of one generation to make and to save, and the next to idle and to squander, that there are rarely more than three generations between shirt-sleeves and shirt-sleeves. But these Chesnuts have secured four, from the John Chesnut who was driven out from his father's farm in Virginia by the French and Indians, when that father had been killed at Fort Duquesne,2 to the John Chesnut who saunters
1. John Taylor was graduated from Princeton in 1790 and became a planter in South Carolina. He served in Congress from 1806 to 1810, and in the latter year was chosen to fill a vacancy in the United States Senate, caused by the resignation of Thomas Sumter. In 1826 he was chosen Governor of South Carolina. He died in 1832.

2. Fort Duquesne stood at the junction of the Monongahela and Alleghany Rivers. Captain Trent, acting for the Ohio Company, with some Virginia militiamen, began to build this fort in February, 1754. On April 17th of the same year, 700 Canadians and French forced him to abandon the work. The French then completed the fortress and named it Fort Duquesne. The unfortunate expedition of General Braddock, in the summer of 1755, was an attempt to retake the fort, Braddock's defeat occurring eight miles east of it. In 1758 General Forbes marched westward from Philadelphia and secured possession of the place, after the French, alarmed at his approach, had burned it. Forbes gave it the name of Pittsburg.

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along here now, the very perfection of a lazy gentleman, who cares not to move unless it be for a fight, a dance, or a fox-hunt.

The first comer of that name to this State was a lad when he arrived after leaving his land in Virginia; and being without fortune otherwise, he went into Joseph Kershaw's grocery shop as a clerk, and the Kershaws, I think, so remember that fact that they have it on their coat-of-arms. Our Johnny, as he was driving me down to Mulberry yesterday, declared himself delighted with the fact that the present Joseph Kershaw had so distinguished himself in our war, that they might let the shop of a hundred years ago rest for a while. "Upon my soul," cried the cool captain, "I have a desire to go in there and look at the Kershaw tombstones. I am sure they have put it on their marble tablets that we had an ancestor one day a hundred years ago who was a clerk in their shop." This clerk became a captain in the Revolution.

In the second generation the shop had so far sunk that the John Chesnut of that day refused to let his daughter marry a handsome, dissipated Kershaw, and she, a spoiled beauty, who could not endure to obey orders when they were disagreeable to her, went up to her room and therein remained, never once coming out of it for forty years. Her father let her have her own way in that; he provided servants to wait upon her and every conceivable luxury that she desired, but neither party would give in.

I am, too, thankful that I am an old woman, forty-two my last birthday. There is so little life left in me now to be embittered by this agony. "Nonsense! I am a pauper," says my husband, "and I am as smiling and as comfortable as ever you saw me." "When you have to give up your horses? How then?"

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May 21st. - They say Governor Magrath has absconded, and that the Yankees have said, "If you have no visible governor, we will send you one." If we had one and they found him, they would clap him in prison instanter.

The negroes have flocked to the Yankee squad which has recently come, but they were snubbed, the rampant freedmen. "Stay where you are," say the Yanks. "We have nothing for you." And they sadly "peruse" their way. Now that they have picked up that word "peruse," they use it in season and out. When we met Mrs. Preston's William we asked, "Where are you going?" "Perusing my way to Columbia," he answered.

When the Yanks said they had no rations for idle negroes, John Walker answered mildly, "This is not at all what we expected." The colored women, dressed in their gaudiest array, carried bouquets to the Yankees, making the day a jubilee. But in this house there is not the slightest change. Every negro has known for months that he or she was free, but I do not see one particle of change in their manner. They are, perhaps, more circumspect, polite, and quiet, but that is all. Otherwise all goes on in antebellum statu quo. Every day I expect to miss some familiar face, but so far have been disappointed.

Mrs. Huger we found at the hotel here, and we brought her to Bloomsbury. She told us that Jeff Davis was traveling leisurely with his wife twelve miles a day, utterly careless whether he were taken prisoner or not, and that General Hampton had been paroled.

Fighting Dick Anderson and Stephen Elliott, of Fort Sumter memory, are quite ready to pray for Andy Johnson, and to submit to the powers that be. Not so our belligerent clergy. "Pray for people when I wish they were dead," cries Rev. Mr. Trapier. "No, never! I will pray for President Davis till I die. I will do it to my last gasp. My chief is a prisoner, but I am proud of him still. He is a spectacle to gods and men. He will bear himself as a soldier, a patriot,

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a statesman, a Christian gentleman. He is the martyr of our cause." And I replied with my tears.

"Look here: taken in woman's clothes?" asked Mr. Trapier. "Rubbish, stuff, and nonsense. If Jeff Davis has not the pluck of a true man, then there is no courage left on this earth. If he does not die game, I give it up. Something, you see, was due to Lincoln and the Scotch cap that he hid his ugly face with, in that express car, when he rushed through Baltimore in the night. It is that escapade of their man Lincoln that set them on making up the woman's clothes story about Jeff Davis."

Mrs. W. drove up. She, too, is off for New York, to sell four hundred bales of cotton and a square, or something, which pays tremendously in the Central Park region, and to capture and bring home her belle fille, who remained North during the war. She knocked at my door. The day was barely dawning. I was in bed, and as I sprang up, discovered that my old Confederate night-gown had to be managed, it was so full of rents. I am afraid I gave undue attention to the sad condition of my gown, but could nowhere see a shawl to drape my figure.

She was very kind. In case my husband was arrested and needed funds, she offered me some "British securities" and bonds. We were very grateful, but we did not accept the loan of money, which would have been almost the same as a gift, so slim was our chance of repaying it. But it was a generous thought on her part; I own that.

Went to our plantation, the Hermitage, yesterday. Saw no change; not a soul was absent from his or her post. I said, "Good colored folks, when are you going to kick off the traces and be free?" In their furious, emotional way, they swore devotion to us all to their dying day. Just the same, the minute they see an opening to better themselves they will move on. William, my husband's foster-brother, came up. "Well, William, what do you want?" asked my

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husband. "Only to look at you, marster; it does me good."

June 1st. - The New York Herald quotes General Sherman as saying, "Columbia was burned by Hampton's sheer stupidity." But then who burned everything on the way in Sherman's march to Columbia, and in the line of march Sherman took after leaving Columbia? We came, for three days of travel, over a road that had been laid bare by Sherman's torches. Nothing but smoking ruins was left in Sherman's track. That I saw with my own eyes. No living thing was left, no house for man or beast. They who burned the countryside for a belt of forty miles, did they not also burn the town? To charge that to "Hampton's stupidity" is merely an afterthought. This Herald announces that Jeff Davis will be hanged at once, not so much for treason as for his assassination of Lincoln. "Stanton," the Herald says, "has all the papers in his hands to convict him."

The Yankees here say, "The black man must go as the red man has gone; this is a white man's country." The negroes want to run with the hare, but hunt with the hounds. They are charming in their professions to us, but declare that they are to be paid by these blessed Yankees in lands and mules for having been slaves. They were so faithful to us during the war, why should the Yankees reward them, to which the only reply is that it would be by way of punishing rebels.

Mrs. Adger1 saw a Yankee soldier strike a woman, and she prayed God to take him in hand according to his deed.
1. Elizabeth K. Adger, wife of the Rev. John B. Adger, D. D., of Charleston, a distinguished Presbyterian divine, at one time a missionary to Smyrna where he translated the Bible into the Armenian tongue. He was afterward and before the war a professor in the Theological Seminary at Columbia. His wife was a woman of unusual judgment and intelligence, sharing her husband's many hardships and notable experiences in the East.

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The soldier laughed in her face, swaggered off, stumbled down the steps, and then his revolver went off by the concussion and shot him dead.

The black ball is in motion. Mrs. de Saussure's cook shook the dust off her feet and departed from her kitchen to-day-free, she said. The washerwoman is packing to go.

Scipio Africanus, the Colonel's body-servant, is a soldierly looking black creature, fit to have delighted the eyes of old Frederick William of Prussia, who liked giants. We asked him how the Yankees came to leave him. "Oh, I told them marster couldn't do without me nohow; and then I carried them some nice hams that they never could have found, they were hid so good."

Eben dressed himself in his best and went at a run to meet his Yankee deliverers - so he said. At the gate he met a squad coming in. He had adorned himself with his watch and chain, like the cordage of a ship, with a handful of gaudy seals. He knew the Yankees came to rob white people, but he thought they came to save niggers. "Hand over that watch!" they said. Minus his fine watch and chain, Eben returned a sadder and a wiser man. He was soon in his shirt-sleeves, whistling at his knife-board. "Why? You here? Why did you come back so soon?" he was asked. "Well, I thought may be I better stay with ole marster that give me the watch, and not go with them that stole it." The watch was the pride of his life. The iron had entered his soul.

Went up to my old house, "Kamschatka." The Trapiers live there now. In those drawing-rooms where the children played Puss in Boots, where we have so often danced and sung, but never prayed before, Mr. Trapier held his prayer-meeting. I do not think I ever did as much weeping or as bitter in the same space of time. I let myself go; it did me good. I cried with a will. He prayed that we might have strength to stand up and bear our bitter

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disappointment, to look on our ruined homes and our desolated country and be strong. And he prayed for the man "we elected to be our ruler and guide." We knew that they had put him in a dungeon and in chains.1 Men watch him day and night. By orders of Andy, the bloody-minded tailor, nobody above the rank of colonel can take the benefit of the amnesty oath, nobody who owns over twenty thousand dollars, or who has assisted the Confederates. And now, ye rich men, howl, for your misery has come upon you. You are beyond the outlaw, camping outside. Howell Cobb and R. M. T. Hunter have been arrested. Our turn will come next, maybe. A Damocles sword hanging over a house does not conduce to a pleasant life.

June 12th. - Andy, made lord of all by the madman, Booth, says, "Destruction only to the wealthy classes." Better teach the negroes to stand alone before you break up all they leaned on, O Yankees! After all, the number who possess over $20,000 are very few.

Andy has shattered some fond hopes. He denounces Northern men who came South to espouse our cause. They may not take the life-giving oath. My husband will remain quietly at home. He has done nothing that he had not a right to do, nor anything that he is ashamed of. He will not fly from his country, nor hide anywhere in it. These are his words. He has a huge volume of Macaulay, which seems to absorb him. Slily I slipped Silvio Pellico in his way. He looked at the title and moved it aside. "Oh," said I, "I only wanted you to refresh your memory as to a prisoner's life and what a despotism can do to make its captives happy!"

1. Mr. Davis, while encamped near Irwinsville, Gal, had been captured on May 10th by a body of Federal cavalry under Lieutenant-Colonel Pritchard. He was taken to Fortress Monroe and confined there for two years, his release being effected on May 13, 1867, when he was admitted to bail in the sum of $100,000, the first name on his bail-bond being that of Horace Greeley.

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Two weddings - in Camden, Ellen Douglas Ancrum to Mr. Lee, engineer and architect, a clever man, which is the best investment now. In Columbia, Sally Hampton and John Cheves Haskell, the bridegroom, a brave, one-armed soldier.

A wedding to be. Lou McCord's. And Mrs. McCord is going about frantically, looking for eggs "to mix and make into wedding-cake," and finding none. She now drives the funniest little one-mule vehicle.

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I have been ill since I last wrote in this journal. Serena's letter came. She says they have been visited by bushwhackers, the roughs that always follow in the wake of an army. My sister Kate they forced back against the wall. She had Katie, the baby, in her arms, and Miller, the brave boy, clung to his mother, though he could do no more. They tried to pour brandy down her throat. They knocked Mary down with the butt end of a pistol, and Serena they struck with an open hand, leaving the mark on her cheek for weeks.

Mr. Christopher Hampton says in New York people have been simply intoxicated with the fumes of their own glory. Military prowess is a new wrinkle of delight to them. They are mad with pride that, ten to one, they could, after five years' hard fighting, prevail over us, handicapped, as we were, with a majority of aliens, quasi foes, and negro slaves whom they tried to seduce, shut up with us. They pay us the kind of respectful fear the British meted out to Napoleon when they sent him off with Sir Hudson Lowe to St. Helena, the lone rock by the sea, to eat his heart out where he could not alarm them more.

Of course, the Yankees know and say they were too many for us, and yet they would all the same prefer not to try us again. Would Wellington be willing to take the chances of Waterloo once more with Grouchy, Blücher, and all that

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left to haphazard? Wigfall said to old Cameron1 in 1861, " Then you will a sutler be, and profit shall accrue." Christopher Hampton says that in some inscrutable way in the world North, everybody "has contrived to amass fabulous wealth by this war."

There are two classes of vociferous sufferers in this community: 1. Those who say, "If people would only pay me what they owe me!" 2. Those who say, "If people would only let me alone. I can not pay them. I could stand it if I had anything with which to pay debts."

Now we belong to both classes. Heavens! the sums people owe us and will not, or can not, pay, would settle all our debts ten times over and leave us in easy circumstances for life. But they will not pay. How can they?

We are shut in here, turned with our faces to a dead wall. No mails. A letter is sometimes brought by a man on horseback, traveling through the wilderness made by Sherman. All railroads have been destroyed and the bridges are gone. We are cut off from the world, here to eat out our hearts. Yet from my window I look out on many a gallant youth and maiden fair. The street is crowded and it is a gay sight. Camden is thronged with refugees from the low country, and here they disport themselves. They call the walk in front of Bloomsbury "the Boulevard."

H. Lang tells us that poor Sandhill Milly Trimlin is dead, and that as a witch she had been denied Christian burial. Three times she was buried in consecrated ground in different churchyards, and three times she was dug up by a superstitious horde, who put her out of their holy ground. Where her poor, old, ill-used bones are lying now I do not know. I hope her soul is faring better than her body. She was a good, kind creature. Why supposed to be a witch? That H. Lang could not elucidate.

1. Simon Cameron became Secretary of War in Lincoln's Administration, on March 4, 1861. On January 11, 1862, he resigned and was made Minister to Russia.

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Everybody in our walk of life gave Milly a helping hand. She was a perfect specimen of the Sandhill "tackey" race, sometimes called "country crackers." Her skin was yellow and leathery, even the whites of her eyes were bilious in color. She was stumpy, strong, and lean, hard-featured, horny-fisted. Never were people so aided in every way as these Sandhillers. Why do they remain Sandhillers from generation to generation? Why should Milly never have bettered her condition?

My grandmother lent a helping hand to her grandmother. My mother did her best for her mother, and I am sure the so-called witch could never complain of me. As long as I can remember, gangs of these Sandhill women traipsed in with baskets to be filled by charity, ready to carry away anything they could get. All are made on the same pattern, more or less alike. They were treated as friends and neighbors, not as beggars. They were asked in to take seats by the fire, and there they sat for hours, stony-eyed, silent, wearing out human endurance and politeness. But their husbands and sons, whom we never saw, were citizens and voters! When patience was at its last ebb, they would open their mouths and loudly demand whatever they had come to seek.

One called Judy Bradly, a one-eyed virago, who played the fiddle at all the Sandhill dances and fandangoes, made a deep impression on my youthful mind. Her list of requests was always rather long, and once my grandmother grew restive and actually hesitated. "Woman, do you mean to let me starve?" she cried furiously. My grandmother then attempted a meek lecture as to the duty of earning one's bread. Judy squared her arms akimbo and answered, "And pray, who made you a judge of the world? Lord, Lord, if I had 'er knowed I had ter stand all this jaw, I wouldn't a took your ole things," but she did take them and came afterward again and again.

June 27th. - An awful story from Sumter. An old

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gentleman, who thought his son dead or in a Yankee prison, heard some one try the front door. It was about midnight, and these are squally times. He called out, "What is that?" There came no answer. After a while he heard some one trying to open a window and he fired. The house was shaken by a fall. Then, after a long time of dead silence, he went round the house to see if his shot had done any harm, and found his only son bathed in his own blood on his father's door-step. The son was just back from a Yankee prison - one of his companions said - and had been made deaf by cold and exposure. He did not hear his father hail him. He had tried to get into the house in the same old way he used to employ when a boy.

My sister-in-law in tears of rage and despair, her servants all gone to "a big meeting at Mulberry," though she had made every appeal against their going. "Send them adrift," some one said, "they do not obey you, or serve you; they only live on you." It would break her heart to part with one of them. But that sort of thing will soon right itself. They will go off to better themselves - we have only to cease paying wages - and that is easy, for we have no money.

July 4th. - Saturday I was in bed with one of my worst headaches. Occasionally there would come a sob and I thought of my sister insulted and my little sweet Williams. Another of my beautiful Columbia quartette had rough experiences. A raider asked the plucky little girl, Lizzie Hamilton, for a ring which she wore. "You shall not have it," she said. The man put a pistol to her head, saying, "Take it off, hand it to me, or I will blow your brains out." "Blow away," said she. The man laughed and put down his pistol, remarking, "You knew I would not hurt you." "Of course, I knew you dared not shoot me. Even Sherman would not stand that."

There was talk of the negroes where the Yankees had been - negroes who flocked to them and showed them where

Page 402a

SARSFIELD, NEAR CAMDEN, S. C.
Built by General Chesnut after the War, and the Home of himself and Mrs. Chesnut until they Died.
From a Recent Photograph.

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silver and valuables had been hid by the white people. Ladies'-maids dressed themselves in their mistresses' gowns before the owners' faces and walked off. Now, before this every one had told me how kind, faithful, and considerate the negroes had proven. I am sure, after hearing these tales, the fidelity of my own servants shines out brilliantly. I had taken their conduct too much as a matter of course. In the afternoon I had some business on our place, the Hermitage. John drove me down. Our people were all at home, quiet, orderly, respectful, and at their usual work. In point of fact things looked unchanged. There was nothing to show that any one of them had even seen the Yankees, or knew that there was one in existence.

July 26th. - I do not write often now, not for want of something to say, but from a loathing of all I see and hear, and why dwell upon those things?

Colonel Chesnut, poor old man, is worse - grows more restless. He seems to be wild with "homesickness." He wants to be at Mulberry. When there he can not see the mighty giants of the forest, the huge, old, wide-spreading oaks, but he says he feels that he is there so soon as he hears the carriage rattling across the bridge at the Beaver Dam.

I am reading French with Johnny - anything to keep him quiet. We gave a dinner to his company, the small remnant of them, at Mulberry house. About twenty idle negroes, trained servants, came without leave or license and assisted. So there was no expense. They gave their time and labor for a good day's feeding. I think they love to be at the old place.

Then I went up to nurse Kate Withers. That lovely girl, barely eighteen, died of typhoid fever. Tanny wanted his sweet little sister to have a dress for Mary Boykin's wedding, where she was to be one of the bridesmaids. So Tanny took his horses, rode one, and led the other thirty miles in the broiling sun to Columbia, where he sold the led horse and came back with a roll of Swiss muslin. As he entered

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the door, he saw Kate lying there dying. She died praying that she might die. She was weary of earth and wanted to be at peace. I saw her die and saw her put in her coffin. No words of mine can tell how unhappy I am. Six young soldiers, her friends, were her pall-bearers. As they marched out with that burden sad were their faces.

Princess Bright Eyes writes: "Our soldier boys returned, want us to continue our weekly dances." Another maiden fair indites: "Here we have a Yankee garrison. We are told the officers find this the dullest place they were ever in. They want the ladies to get up some amusement for them. They also want to get into society."

From Isabella in Columbia: "General Hampton is home again. He looks crushed. How can he be otherwise? His beautiful home is in ruins, and ever present with him must be the memory of the death tragedy which closed forever the eyes of his glorious boy, Preston! Now! there strikes up a serenade to General Ames, the Yankee commander, by a military band, of course. . . . Your last letters have been of the meagerest. What is the matter?"

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

August 2d. - Dr. Boykin and John Witherspoon were talking of a nation in mourning, of blood poured out like rain on the battle-fields-for what? "Never let me hear that the blood of the brave has been shed in vain! No; it sends a cry down through all time."

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INDEX

ADAMS, JAMES H., 26.
Adger, Mrs. John B., 396.
Aiken, Gov. William, his style of living, 253.
Aiken, Miss, her wedding, 240- 241.
Alabama, the, surrender of, 314.
Alabama Convention, the, 15.
Alexandria, Va., Ellsworth killed at, 58.
Allan, Mrs. Scotch, 258.
Allston, Ben, his duel, 66; a call from, 73.
Allston, Col., 234.
Allston, Washington, 46.
Anderson, Gen. Richard, 49, 225.
Anderson, Major Robert, 5; his mistake, 34; fired on, in Fort Sumter, 35; when the fort surrendered, 39; his flagstaff, 43; his account of the fall of Fort Sumter, 48; offered a regiment, 50, 119.
Antietam, battle of, 213.
Archer, Capt. Tom, a call from, 113; his comments on Hood, 318; his death, 343.
Athens, Ga., the raid at, 322.
Atlanta, battle of, 326.
Auzé, Mrs. - , her troubled life, 179.

BAILEY, GODARD, 388, 389.
Baldwin, Col. - ,84.
Baltimore, Seventh Regiment in, 41; in a blaze, 47.
Barker, Theodore, 112.
Barnwell, Edward, 316.
Barnwell, Mrs. Edward, 208; and her boy, 253-254.
Barnwell, Mary, 194, 316.
Barnwell, Rev. Robert, establishes a hospital, 83; back in the hospital, 172; sent for to officiate at a marriage, 185, 194; his death, 238.
Barnwell, Mrs. Robert, her death, 239.
Barnwell, Hon. Robert W., sketch of, 10, 47; on Fort Sumter, 50, 57, 77; at dinner with, 98; and the opposition to Mr. Davis, 104; on fame, 106; on democracies, 110, 160; as to Gen. Chesnut, 163.
Barron, Commodore Samuel, 101; an anecdote of, when a middy, 120-122; a prisoner, 124.
Bartow, Col. - 2; and his wife, 71; killed at Bull Run, 87; eulogized in Congress, 90.
Bartow, Mrs. - , hears of her husband's death, 87-88; her husband's funeral, 88; a call on, 146, 162; in one of the departments, 166; her story of Miss Toombs, 193, 199, 204; goes to Mulberry, 386.
Beauregard, Gen.. P. G. T., 28; a demigod, 31, in council with the Governor, 33, 34; leaves Montgomery, 50; at Norfolk, 58; his report of the capture of Fort Sumter, 62; and the name

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Bull Run, 63; faith in him, 77; a horse for, 80; in Richmond, 83-84; his army in want of food, 97; not properly supported, 99; half Frenchman, 102; letters from, 107, 131; at Columbus, Miss., 139; flanked at Nashville, 156; and Shiloh, 163; at Huntsville, 165; fighting his way, 174; retreating, 175; evacuates Corinth, 178, in disfavor, 183; and Whiting, 307.
Bedon, Josiah, 369.
Bedon, Mrs. - , 369.
Benjamin, Judah P., 278, 287.
Berrien, Dr. - , 100, 193.
Berrien, Judge, 166.
Bibb, Judge, 9.
Bierne, Bettie, her admirers, 232, 234; her wedding, 235. Big Bethel, battle of, 81; Magruder at, 196.
Binney, Horace, his offer to Lincoln, 64; quoted, 128, 311.
Blair, Rochelle, 21.
Blake, Daniel, 214.
Blake, Frederick, 338.
Blake, Walter, negroes leave him, 199.
Bluffton, movement, the, 3.
Bonaparte, Jerome Napoleon, goes to Washington, 98; described, 102; disappointed in Beauregard, 128.
Boykin, A. H., 35.
Boykin, Dr., 17, 18, 21, 135, 404.
Boykin, E. M., 161, 389.
Boykin, Hamilton, 171.
Boykin, James, 220.
Boykin, J. H., 387.
Boykin, Col. John, 121; his death in prison, 308.
Boykin, Kitty, 22.
Boykin, Mary, 312, 403.
Boykin, Tom, his company, 58, 135.
Bradley, Judy, 401.
Bragg, Gen. Braxton, joins Beauregard, 139, 147; a stern disciplinarian, 203; at Chickamauga, 248, 252; defeated at Chattanooga, 258; asks to be relieved, 259; one of his horses, 303.
Brandy Station, battle of, 236.
Breckinridge, Gen.. John C., 249; in Richmond, 275; at the Ives theatricals, 285-286, 289.
Brewster, Mr. - , 10; at Fauquier White Sulphur Springs, 77; remark by, 79; a talk with, 82; quoted, 108, 122; criticism of, 124; and Hood's love-affair, 266-267; on Joe Johnston's removal, 320, 338.
Bright, John, his speeches in behalf of the Union, 109.
Brooks, Preston, 74.
Brown, Gov., of Georgia, 315.
Brown, John, of Harper's Ferry, 1.
Browne, "Constitution," going to Washington, 9.
Browne, Mrs. - , on spies, 206; describes the Prince of Wales, 207.
Brumby, Dr. - , 361.
Buchanan, James, 16, 207.
Buckner, Gen. Simon B., 131; in Richmond, 267-268, 275.
Bull Run, objection to the name 63; battle of, 85-90. See Manassas.
Burnside, Gen.. Ambrose E., captures Roanoke Island, 132; money due from, to Gen. Preston, 159.
Burroughs, Mrs. - , 189.
Butler, Gen. B. F., his Order No. 28, 164-165; at New Orleans,

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183, 202; threatening Richmond, 294; kind to Roony Lee, 300; at New Orleans, 346.
Byron, Lord, as a lover, 297; quoted, 391.

CALHOUN, JOHN C., anecdote of, 17.
Calhoun, Mrs. - , 323.
Camden, S. C., excitement at, 3; dwelling in, 21; the author's absence from, 22; the author in, 42-46; battle of, 75; a romance in, 120-121; return to, 127-130, 240-251; Gen. Chesnut in, 250; a picnic near, at Mulberry, 251; return to, 304; the author in, 384-404.
Cameron, Simon, a proclamation by, 92, 400.
Campbell, Judge John A., his resignation, 14; his family, 77, 247.
Cantey, Mary, 183.
Cantey, Zack, 375.
Capers, Mrs. - , 26.
Carlyle, Thomas, and slavery in America, 136.
Carroll, Chancellor, 27.
Carroll, Judge, 204.
Cary, Constance, 263; a call on, 264; a call from, 272; a call for, 272; as Lady Teazle, 276, 277; as Lydia Languish, 285; makes a bonnet, 293; describes a wedding, 300; and Preston Hampton, 301.
Cary, Hetty, 244, 260, 272; Gen. Chesnut with, 274.
Chancellorsville, battle of, 213, 245.
Charleston, the author in, 1-5; Secession Convention adjourns to, 3; Anderson in Fort Sumter, 5; war steamer off, 9; return to, 21-41; Convention at, in a snarl, 26; a ship fired into at, 31; soldiers in streets of, 33; Anderson refuses to capitulate at, 35; the fort bombarded, 36; Bull Run Russell in, 40; return to, from Montgomery, 57-67; thin-skinned people in, 60; its condition good, 163; bombardment of, 174; under bombardment, 258; surrender of, 350.
Chase, Col. - , 6.
Chattanooga, siege of, 258.
Chesnut, Col.. James, Sr., sketch of, XVII; looking for fire, 66; and Nellie Custis, 93, 122; his family, 127; anecdote of, 135; his losses from the war, 158; his old wines, 249; a letter from, 296; and his wife, 310; refuses to say grace, 372; sketch of, 390-392; illness of, 403.
Chesnut, Mrs. James, Sr., praises everybody, 59; and Mt. Vernon, 63; anecdote of, 66-67; silver brought from Philadelphia by, 135; sixty years in the South, 170, 236; her death, 299; and her husband, 310-311, 391.
Chesnut, Gen.. James, Jr., his death described, XVIII; his resignation as U. S. Senator, 3, 4, 9; with Mr. Davis, 14, 19; averts a duel, 21, 26; at target practice, 29; made an aide to Beauregard, 34; goes to demand surrender of Fort Sumter, 34; his interview with Anderson, 35; orders Fort Sumter fired on, 36; asleep in Beauregard's room, 37, describes the surrender, 39; with Wade Hampton, 47; his interview with Anderson, 48;

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goes to Alabama, 52; opposed to leaving Montgomery, 55, 57; and Davin the spy, 60; letter from, 63; and the first shot at Fort Sumter, 65; letter from, at Manassas Junction, 65; in Richmond, 69; a letter from, 74-75; orders to move on, received by, 80; receiving spies from Washington, 82; with Davis and Lee, 83; his servant Lawrence, 84; his account of the battle of Bull Run, 88; speech by, 90; carries orders at Bull Run, 106; returns to Columbia, 126; on slavery, 130; news for, from Richmond, 132; criticized, 134; his address to South Carolinians, 140; asked to excuse students from military service, 141; his military affairs, 143, 144; negroes offer to fight for, 147; attacked, 148; reasonable and considerate, 151; his adventure with Gov. Gist, 153; illness of, 155; offered a place on staff of Mr. Davis, 157; and the fall of New Orleans, 159; finds a home for negroes, 160; on a visit to his father, 161; as to Charleston's defenses, 163; promotion for, 163; at dinner, 166, 167; called to Richmond, 171; his self-control, 173; and the negroes, 181; returns to Columbia, 190; off to Richmond, 191, 194; letter from, on the Seven Days' fighting, 197; hears the Confederacy is to be recognized abroad, 201; staying with President Davis, 202; his character in Washington, 204; with Gen. Preston, 207; his busy life, 215 in Wilmington, 216; at Miss Bierne's wedding, 235; an anecdote of, 242; when a raiding party was near Richmond, 245; at the war office with, 247; a tour of the West by, 248; at home reading Thackeray's novels, 250; visits Bragg's army again, 252; contented, but opposed to more parties, 257; receives a captured saddle from Gen. Wade Hampton, 258; manages Judge Wigfall, 261; his stoicism, 262; opposed to feasting, 263; in good humor, 268; in a better mood, 271; denounces extravagance, 272; and Hetty Cary, 274; popularity of, with the Carys, 277; with Col. Lamar at dinner, 279; promotion for, 280; his pay, 284; at church, 292; going to see the President, 293; made a brigadier-general, 302, 305; his return to South Carolina, 307; his work in saving Richmond, 309; called to Charleston, 315; his new home in Columbia, 316; his friend Archer, 318 - 319; returns to Columbia, 330; in Charleston, 337; says the end has come, 341; urges his wife to go home, 344-345; an anecdote of, 346; escapes capture, 350; a letter from, 355; in Lincolnton, 359; ordered to Chester, S. C., 364; letter from, 366; this cotton, 367; and slavery, 374; receives news of Lincoln's assassination, 380; fate of, 381.
Chesnut, Mrs. James, Jr., the author, importance of her diary, XIII; how she wrote it, XV; her early life, XVI; her home described, XX; history of her diary, XXI; in Charleston,

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1-5; on keeping a journal, 1; visits Mulberry, 2; her husband's resignation as Senator, 3; in Montgomery, 6-20; on the political outlook, 7; hears a story from Robert Toombs, 7; at dinners, etc., 9-11; calls on Mrs. Davis, 12; sees a woman sold at auction, 13; sees the Confederate flag go up, 14; at the Confederate Congress, 18; in Charleston, 21-41; at Mulberry again, 21; a petition to, from house-servants, 22; her father-in-law, 22; goes to the Charleston Convention, 23; one of her pleasantest days, 26; her thirty-eighth birthday, 27; a trip by, to Morris Island, 31; her husband goes to Anderson with an ultimatum, 35; on a housetop when Sumter was bombarded, 35-36; watching the negroes for a change, 38; in Camden, 42-46; the lawn at Mulberry, 43; her photograph-book, 43; a story of her maid Maria, 45; at Montgomery, 47-56; a cordial welcome to, 48; a talk by, with A. H. Stephens and others, 49-54; a visit to Alabama, 52; at luncheon with Mrs. Davis, 55; in Charleston, 57-67; goes to Richmond, 62, 66; letter to, from her husband, 65; in Richmond, 68-76; incidents in the journey, 68-69; a talk by, with Mrs. Davis, 71; at the Champ-de-Mars, 72; at Mr. Davis's table, 73; letters to, from her husband, 74, 75; at White Sulphur Springs, 77-81; in Richmond, 82-126; has a glimpse of war, 83; weeps at her husband's departure, 84; the battle of Bull Run, 85-91; Gen.. Chesnut's account of the battle, 88; describes Robert E. Lee, 93-94; at a flag presentation, 96; her money-belt, 101; goes to a hospital, 107, 108; an unwelcome caller on, 111; knitting socks, 113; her fondness for city life, 124; leaving Richmond, 125; in Camden, 127-130; her sister Kate, 127; a letter to, from old Col. Chesnut, 127; illness of, 128; a hiatus in her diary, 130; in Columbia, 131-209; a visit to Mulberry, 134; illness of, 135; reading Uncle Tom's Cabin, 142; her influence with her husband in public matters, 145; overhears her husband attacked, 148; her husband and her callers, 151-153; her husband's secretary, 154; depressed, 157; anniversary of her wedding, 158; at the Governor's, 160; as to love and hatred, 162; her impression of hospitality in different cities, 166-167; at Mulberry, 169; a flood of tears, 173; illness of, 180; a call on, by Governor Pickens, 181; knows how it feels to die, 182; at Decca's wedding, 184-185; Gen. Chesnut in town, 190; a letter to, from her husband, 197; assisting the Wayside Hospital, 205-206; goes to Flat Rock, 210; illness of, 210; in Alabama, 216-228; meets her husband in Wilmington, 216; a melancholy journey by, 220-221; finds her mother ill, 221; Dick, a negro whom she taught to read, 224; her father's body-servant Simon, 225; in Montgomery,

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226-227; in Richmond, 229-239; asked to a picnic by Gen. Hood, 230; hears two love-tales, 232-233; at Miss Bierne's wedding, 235; receives from Mrs. Lee a likeness of the General, 236; burns some personal papers, 239; in Camden, 240-251; sees Longstreet's corps going West, 241; a story of her mother, 243; at church during the battle of Chancellorsville, 244-245; to the War Office with her husband, 247; a tranquil time at home, 250; a picnic at Mulberry, 251; in Richmond, 252-303; lives in apartments, 252; an adventure in Kingsville, 255-257; gives a party, 257; criticized for excessive hospitality, 263; with Mrs. Davis, 264; drives with Gen. Hood, 265-267, 271; three generals at dinner, 268; at a charade party, 273-274; an ill-timed call, 278; Thackeray's death, 282; gives a luncheon-party, 282-283; at private theatricals, 285; gives a party for John Chesnut, 286; goes to a ball, 287; a walk with Mr. Davis, 291; selling her old clothes, 300; her husband made a brigadier-general, 302; in Camden, 304; leaving Richmond, 304; Little Joe's funeral, 306; experiences in a journey, 307-308; friends with her at Mulberry, 309; writes of her mother-in-law, 310-311; at Bloomsbury again, 311; in Columbia, 313-343; at home in a cottage, 314-316; attendance of, at the Wayside Hospital, 321, 324, 325; at Mary Preston's wedding, 327; entertains President Davis, 328-329; a visit to, from her sister, 329; letters to, from Mrs. Davis, 331, 332, 335; her ponies, 336; distress of, at Sherman's advance, 341; her husband at home, 341; in Lincolnton, 344-366; her flight from Columbia, 344-347; her larder empty, 361; refuses an offer of money, 363; her husband ordered to Chester, 364; losses at the Hermitage, 364; illness of, 364, in Chester, 367-383; incidents in a journey by, 367-369; a call on, from Gen. Hood, 376; on Lincoln's assassination, 380; in Camden, 384-404; goes to Mulberry, 386; sketch by, of her father-in-law, 390-392; goes to the Hermitage, 395; illness of, 399; no heart to write more, 403.
Chesnut, Capt. John, a soft-hearted slave-owner, 21; enlists as a private, 58; his plantation, 64; letter from, 132; negroes to wait on, 163, 187; and McClellan, 192; in Stuart's command, 198; one of his pranks, 202; goes to his plantation, 250; joins his company, 252, 287; a flirtation by, 328, 351, 381.
Chesnut, John, Sr., 392.
Chesnut, Miss, her presence of mind, 364; bravery shown by, 375.
Chesnut family, the, 22.
Chester, S. C., the author in, 367-383; the journey to, 367-369; news of Lincoln's assassination in, 380.
Cheves, Edward, 199.
Cheves, Dr. John, 172.

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Cheves, Langdon, 24; a talk with 26; farewell to, 37.
Chickahominy, battle on the, 177; as a victory, 180; another battle on the, 196.
Chickamauga, battle of, 248.
Childs, Col. - , 362, 363, 364; his generosity, 367.
Childs, Mrs. Mary Anderson, 16.
Chisolm, Dr. - , 314.
Choiseul, Count de, 322.
Clay, C. C., a supper given by, 283, 302, 374.
Clay, Mrs. C. C., as Mrs. Malaprop, 285.
Clay, Mrs. Lawson, 273.
Clayton, Mr. - , 2; on the Government, 110.
Clemens, Jere, 12.
Cobb, Howell, desired for President of the Confederacy, 6, 18; his common sense, 68; arrest of, 398.
Cochran, John, a prisoner in Columbia, 133.
Coffey, Capt. - , 257.
Cohen, Mrs. Miriam, her son in the war, 166; a hospital anecdote by, 176; a sad story told by, 178; her story of Luryea, 183.
Colcock, Col. - , 2.
Cold Harbor, battle of, 196.
Columbia, Secession Convention in, 2; small-pox in, 3; pleasant people in, 166; dinner in, 167; Wade Hampton in, 187; the author in, 131-209; Governor and council in, 132; a trip from, to Mulberry, 135; critics of Mr. Davis in, 140; hospitality in, 166; people coming to, from Richmond, 169; Wade Hampton in, wounded, 187-193; Prof. Le Conte's powder-factory in, 187; the Wayside Hospital in, 205; called from, to Alabama, 218; the author takes a cottage in, 314-316; President Davis visits, 328-329; burning of, 351, 358, 361, 362, 396.
Confederate flag, hoisting of, at Montgomery, 14.
Congress, the, burning of, 140.
Cooper, Gen. - , 85, 103, 149.
Corinth, evacuated, 178.
Cowpens, the, battle of, 63.
Coxe, Esther Maria, 257.
Cumberland, the, sinking of, 139.
Cummings, Gen., a returned prisoner, 200.
Curtis, George William, 200.
Custis, Nellie, 93, 236.
Cuthbert, Capt. George, wounded, 211; shot at Chancellorsville, 213.
Cuthbert, Mrs. George, 337.

DACRE, MAY, 135.
Dahlgren, Admiral John H., 294.
Dahlgren, Col. U., his raid and death, 294.
Daniel, Mr., of The Richmond Examiner, 109.
Darby, Dr. John T., surgeon of the Hampton Legion, 57; false report of his death, 88, 205; with Gen., Hood, 230; goes to Europe, 293, 296; his marriage, 327.
Da Vega, Mrs. - , 369.
Davin, - , as a spy, 59.
Davis, President Jefferson, 6, 8; when Secretary of War, 11; elected President, 12; no seceder, 29; and Hampton's Legion, 147; a dinner at his house,

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49; a long war predicted by, 53; his want of faith in success, 71; on his Arabian horse, 72; at his table, 73; the author met by, 82; goes to Manassas, 86; speech by, 90; the author asked to breakfast with, 95; presents flag to Texans, 96; as a reconstructionist, 104; ill, 124; criticism of, 129; his inauguration, 132; his address criticized, 134; a defense of, 140; Gen. Gonzales complains to, 148; abuse of, 150; and Butler's "Order No. 28," 165; on the battle-field, 202; wants negroes in the army, 224; a reception at his house, 246; ill, 246; in Charleston, 253; riding alone, 263; as a dictator, 265; his Christmas dinner, 268; a talk with, 274; Congress asks for advice, 280; a walk home with, 283; attacked for nepotism, 290; walks home from church with the author, 291; speaks to returned prisoners, 301; when Little Joe died, 305; his Arabian horse, 309; and Joe Johnston's removal, 326; in Columbia, 328-329; on his visit to Columbia, 331; praise of, 360; when Lee surrendered, 381; traveling leisurely, 394; capture of, 395, 398.
Davis, Jefferson, Jr., 306.
Davis, Mrs. Jefferson, a call on, 12; at one of her receptions, 49; a talk with, 53; at lunch with, 55; adores Mrs. Emory, 61; the author met by, 69; her entourage, 76; her ladies described, 79; brings news of Bull Run, 86; announces to Mrs. Bartow news of her husband's death, 88; in her drawing-room, 90; "a Western woman," 102; a landlady's airs to, 192; says that the enemy are within three miles of Richmond, 246; a call from, 263; a drive with, 264; at the Semmes' charade, 273; her servants, 275; a reception by, 281; a call on, 282; gives a luncheon, 284; her family unable to live on their income, 300; depressed, 301; a drive with, 302; overlooked in her own drawing-room, 318; letters from, 331, 332, 335; in Chester, 377; a letter from, 378.
Davis, "Little Joe," 264; his tragic death, 305; his funeral, 306, 309.
Davis, Nathan, 148; a call from, 152, 210.
Davis, Nick, 12.
Davis, Rev. Thomas, 252.
Davis, Varina Anne ("Winnie, Daughter of the Confederacy"), 378.
Deas, George, 12, 298.
De Leon, Agnes, back from Egypt, 110.
De Leon, Dr., 9.
Derby, Lord, 136.
Douglas, Stephen A., 12; his death, 60.
Drayton, Tom, 148.
Drury's Bluff, battle of, 230.
Duncan, Blanton, anecdote of, 150, 208.

ELIOT, GEORGE, 279.
Elliott, Stephen, 318.
Ellsworth, Col. E. E., his death at Alexandria, 58.
Elmore, Grace, 155.

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Elzey, Gen. - , tells of the danger of Richmond, 246.
Emancipation Proclamation, the, 153, 199.
Emerson, R. W., the author reading, 64.
Emory, Gen. William H., his resignation, 61.
Emory, Mrs. William H., Franklin's granddaughter, 61, 84; a clever woman, 352.
Eustis, Mrs. - , 124.

FAIR OAKS OR SEVEN PINES, battle of, 171.
Farragut, Admiral D. G., captures New Orleans, 158, 319.
Fauquier White Sulphur Springs, 77.
Fernandina, Fla., 2.
Fitzpatrick, Mrs. - , 8, 53.
Floyd, John D., at Fort Donelson, 140.
Ford, Mary, 312.
Forrest, Gen. Nathan B., 323.
Fort Donelson, surrender of, 131, 140.
Fort Duquesne, 392.
Fort McAlister, 339.
Fort Moultrie, 42.
Fort Pickens, 47.
Fort Pillow, given up, 177.
Fort Sumter, Anderson in, 5, 8; if it should be attacked, 9; folly of an attack on, 12; and Anderson, 29; surrender of, demanded, 34; bombardment of, 35; on fire, 38; surrender of, 39; those who captured it, 42; who fired the first shot at, 65.
Freeland, Maria, 257.
Frost, Henry, 147.
Frost, Judge - , 54.
Frost Tom, 26.

GAILLARD, MRS. - , 173.
Garnett, Dr. - , his brother's arrival from the North, 107, 260.
Garnett, Mary, 9.
Garnett, Muscoe Russell, 144.
Garnett, Gen. R. S., killed at Rich Mountain, 119.
Gay, Captain, 382.
Georgetown, enemy landing in, 165.
Gibbes, Dr. - , 26; reports incidents of the war, 93; bad news from, 100.
Gibbes, Mrs. - , 32.
Gibbes, Mrs. Hampton, 170.
Gibson, Dr. - , 117.
Gibson, Mrs., her prophecy, 169; her despondency, 174.
Gidiere, Mrs. - , 4.
Gist, Gov., 152; an anecdote of, 153.
Gladden, Col. - , 156.
Gonzales, Gen. - , his farewell to the author, 125; complains of want of promotion, 148.
Goodwyn, Artemus, 21.
Goodwyn, Col. - , 218, 350.
Gourdin, Robert, 25, 32.
Grahamsville, to be burned, 336.
Grant, Gen. U. S., and the surrender of Fort Donelson, 131; at Vicksburg, 219; a place for, 269; his success, 270; pleased with Sherman's work, 299; reenforcements for, 310; before Richmond, 322, 333; closing in on Lee, 346; Richmond falls before, 377.
Greeley, Horace, quoted, 116.
Green, Allen, 32, 95, 360.
Green, Mrs. Allen, 33.
Green, Halcott, 171, 203.
Greenhow, Mrs. Rose, warned the Confederates at Manassas, 176; in Richmond 201, 204.

Page 414
Gregg, Maxcy, 31.
Grundy, Mrs., 257.

HALLECK, GEN., being reenforced, 165, takes Corinth, 178.
Hamilton, Jack, 36.
Hamilton, Louisa, her baby, 36, 211.
Hamilton, Prioleau, 374.
Hamilton, Mrs. Prioleau, 370.
Hammy, Mary, 66, 76; her fiancé, 79; many strings to her bow, 100; her disappointment, 118; in tears, 124.
Hampton, Christopher 161, 264; leaving Columbia, 344, 399.
Hampton, Frank, his death and funeral, 237; a memory of, 238.
Hampton, Mrs. Frank, 40, 42; on flirting with South Carolinians, 118, 173.
Hampton, Miss Kate, 218; anecdote of, 381.
Hampton Legion, the, Dr. Darby its surgeon, 57; in a snarl, 85; at Bull Run, 105.
Hampton, Preston, 40, 237, 260, 264, 272; his death in battle, 332.
Hampton Roads, the Merrimac in, 164.
Hampton, Sally, 293, 332; marriage of, 399.
Hampton, Gen. Wade, of the Revolution, 39, 43, 47.
Hampton, Mrs. Wade, the elder, 43.
Hampton, Gen. Wade, his Legion, 47; in Richmond, 82; wounded, 87; the hero of the hour, 135, 150; shot in the foot, 171; his wound, 180; his heroism when wounded, 181; in Columbia, 187; at dinner, 189-190; and his Legion, 191; a reception to 192; sends a captured saddle to Gen. Chesnut, 258; a basket of partridges from, 271, 313; fights a battle, in which his two sons fall, 332; tribute of, to Joe Johnston, 343; made a lieutenant-general, 350; correspondence of, with Gen. Sherman, 359; home again, 404.
Hampton, Mrs. Wade, 136.
Hampton, Wade, Jr., 249; wounded in battle, 332.
Hardee, Gen. William J., 371.
Harlan, James, 90.
Harper's Ferry, to be attacked, 58; evacuated, 65.
Harris, Arnold, brings news from Washington, 91.
Harrison, Burton, 246, 263, 264; at a charade, 274; defends Mr. Davis, 290, 305, 330.
Hartstein, Capt., 25.
Haskell, Alexander, 198, 268.
Haskell, John C., 293, 399.
Haskell, Mrs. - , 196.
Haskell, William, 27.
Haxall, Lucy, 257.
Haxall, Mrs., 278.
Hayne, Mrs. Arthur, 146.
Hayne, Isaac, 26, 66, 316, 346, 369.
Hayne, Mrs. Isaac, 27; when her son died, 202.
Hayne, Paul, 176; his son and Lincoln, 202, 208.
Hemphill, John, 48.
Hermitage, the, 365.
Heyward, Barnwell, as an escort, 64, 212, 278, 283.
Heyward, Henrietta Magruder, 212.
Heyward, Joseph, 212.
Heyward, Mrs. Joseph, 28, 39.

Page 415
Heyward, Savage, 22.
Hill, Benjamin H., refusal of, to fight a duel, 11, 13; in Richmond, 274.
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 144.
Hood, Gen. John B., 100, described, 230; with his staff, 231; at Chickamauga, 248; calls on the author, 263; a drive with, 265; his love-affairs, 266-269; a drive with, 271; fitted for gallantry, 277; on horseback, 282; drives with Mr. Davis, 283; has an ovation, 284; at a ball, 287; his military glory, 290; anecdote of, 298; a full general, 314; his address to the army, 316; losses of, before Atlanta, 320; his force, 333; off to Tennessee, 337; losses of, at the battle of Nashville, 337, 340; in Columbia, 342; his glory on the wane, 372; a call from, 376; his silver cup, 380, abuse of, 383.
Hooker, Gen. Joseph B., 162, 213.
Howell, Maggie, 76, 304, 327.
Howell, Mrs., 265.
Huger, Alfred, 2.
Huger, Gen. Benjamin, 383.
Huger, Mrs., 381, 394.
Huger, Thomas, 31; his death, 186.
Humphrey, Capt., 5.
Hunter, R. M. T., at dinner with, 53, 57, 144; a walk home with, 283, 398.

INGRAHAM, CAPT. - , 8, 10, 14, 42, 54; says the war has hardly begun, 99, 147.
Ives, Col. J. C., 284.
Ives, Mrs. J. C., 273; her theatricals, 285.
Izard, Mrs. - , 26; quoted, 93, 146; tells of Sand Hill patriots, 209, 351.
Izard, Lucy, 212.

JACKSON, Gen. "STONEWALL," at Bull Run, 89, 170; his movements, 172; his influence, 175; his triumphs, 179; following up McClellan, 193; faith in, 196; killed, 213; promoted Hood, 230; described by Gen. Lawton, 261-262; laments for, 269.
Jameson, Mr. - , 54.
James Island, Federals land on, 181; abandoned, 195.
Johnson, President Andrew, 394, 398.
Johnson, Mrs. Bradley T., as a heroine, 71.
Johnson, Herschel V., 11.
Johnson, Dr. Robert, 220.
Johnston, Gen. Albert Sidney, 131, 140; killed at Shiloh, 156, 182.
Johnston, General Edward, a prisoner in the North, 232; help he once gave Grant, 269.
Johnston, Gen. Joseph E., his command, 75; evacuates Harper's Ferry, 65; retreating, 78; to join Beauregard, 84, 85; at Bull Run, 91; at Seven Pines, 171; wounded, 180; his heroism as a boy, 184; sulking, 228; as a great god of war, 240; thought well of, 248; his care for his men, 249; made commander-in-chief of the West, 265; orders to, 290; suspended, 314; cause of his removal, 315, 317, 320; a talk with, 350; in Lincolnton, 352; a drawn battle

Page 416
by, 372; not to be caught, 379; anecdote of, 383.
Johnston, Mrs. Joseph E., 53, 86; and Mrs. Davis, 102, 350; her cleverness, 352.
Johnston, Robert, 375.
Jones, Col. Cadwallader, 380.
Jones, Gen. - , 315.
Jordan, Gen., an outburst from, 99.

KEARSARGE, the, 314.
Keitt, Col. Lawrence, opposed to Mr. Davis, 68; seeking promotion, 258.
Kershaw's brigade in Columbia, 341.
Kershaw, Joseph, and the Chesnuts, 393.
Kershaw, Gen. Joseph B., and his brigade, 21; anecdote of, 63; his regiment praised, 95; his piety, 101; his independent report on Bull Run, 107.
Kershaw, Mrs. Joseph B., 390.
Kilpatrick, Gen. Judson, 294; threatening Richmond, 296; his failure before Richmond, 298.
King, Judge, 211.
Kingsville, 3; an adventure in, 253.
Kirkland, Mary, 385.
Kirkland, Mrs. - , 4.
Kirkland, William, 311.
Kirkwood Rangers, the, 106.

LA BORDE, DR. - , 210.
Lamar, Col. L. Q. C., in Richmond, 70; a talk with, 72; on the war, 73; on crutches, 82, 144; asked to dinner, 278; his talk of George Eliot, 279-280; and Constance Cary, 286; spoken of, for an aideship, 203.
Lancaster, 356.
Lane, Harriet, 18.
Laurens, Henry, his grandchildren, 330.
Lawrence, a negro, unchanged 38; fidelity of, 101, 112, quarrels of, with his wife, 217, 237; sent home, 288.
Lawton, Gen. Alexander R., talks of "Stonewall Jackson," 261, a talk with, 276.
Le Conte, Prof. Joseph, 141; his powder manufactory, 187.
Ledyard, Mr. - , 18.
Lee, Custis, 100, 246, 328.
Lee, Fitzhugh, 294.
Lee, Light Horse Harry, 94.
Lee, Gen. Robert E., made General-in-chief of Virginia, 47, 63; with Davis and Chesnut, 83; seen by the author for the first time, 93; warns planters, 136; criticism of, 188; faith in, 197; warns Mr. Davis on the battlefield, 202; and Antietam, 213; wants negroes in the army, 224; a likeness of, 236; faith in him justified, 240; at Mr. Davis's house, 244; fighting Meade, 258; at church, 264; in Richmond, 265; if he had Grant's resources, 270; a sword for, 292; instructed in the art of war, 292; his daughter-in-law's death, 300; a postponed review by, 306; without backing, 331; a drawn battle by, 372; despondent, 377; capitulation of, 378; part of his army in Chester, 379.
Lee, Mrs. Robert E., 93, 124, 236; a call on, 292.

Page 417
Lee, Roony, 93; wounded, 236; Butler kind to, 300.
Lee, Capt. Smith, a walk with, 294, 302, 303.
Lee, Stephen D., 371.
Legree, of Uncle Tom's Cabin, discussed, 114-116.
Leland, Capt., 337.
Leon, Edwin de, sent to England, 172.
Levy, Martha, 211.
Lewes, George Henry, 280.
Lewis, John, 257.
Lewis, Major John Coxe, 265.
Lewis, Maria, her wedding, 264, 303.
Lincoln, Abraham, his election, 1; at his inauguration, 9; in Baltimore, 12, 13; his inaugural address, 14; his Scotch cap, 18; described, 19, 33; as a humorist, 71; his army, 76; anecdote of, 78; his emancipation proclamation, 153, 199; his portrait attacked by Paul Hayne's son, 202; his regrets for the war, 203, 270; assassination of, 380, 396.
Lincoln, Mrs. Abraham, vulgarity of, 12; her economy, 16, 18, 270; her sister in Richmond, 381.
Lincolnton, the author in, 344-366; an exile in, 347; taken for a millionaire in, 349; Gen. Chesnut in, 358-359.
Lomax, Col., 6.
Longstreet, A. B., author of Georgia Scenes, 82.
Longstreet, Gen. James, his army going West, 241; separated from Bragg, 258; failure of, 265.
Lowe, Sir Hudson, 399.
Lowndes, Charles, 211.
Lowndes, Mrs. Charles, 4.
Lowndes, James, a call from, 112, 370.
Lowndes, Rawlins, 211.
Lowndes, Mrs. - , 59.
Lubbock, Gov. - , 328.
Luryea, Albert, his death, 175.
Lyons, Lord, 136.
Lyons, Mrs., 239, 281, 313.
Lyons, Rachel, 208.

MAGRATH, JUDGE, 2, 394.
Magruder, Gen. John B., wins battle of Big Bethel, 62, 196; public opinion against, 201; in Columbia, 204.
Mallory, Stephen R., 13; meets the author in Richmond, 69, 147.
Mallory, Mrs. S. R., 27.
Malvern Hill, battle of, 194, 214.
Manassas, a sword captured at, 101. See Bull Run.
Manassas Junction, letter from Gen. Chesnut at, 65.
Manassas Station, 63; looking for a battle at, 64.
Manning, Gov. John, sketch of, 23; at breakfast, 25, 27; news from, 32, 34; an aide to Beauregard, 36; under fire, 38; his anecdote of Mrs. Preston, 168.
Marshall, Henry, 161.
Martin, Isabella D., 155, 268; quoted, 275; to appear in a play, 276; on war and lovemaking, 288; when Willie Preston died, 315; takes the author to a chapel, 322; a walk with, 336, 343, 350, 363; letter from, 404.
Martin, Rev. William, and the Wayside Hospital, 206; at Lincolnton, 351.
Martin, Mrs. William, 315.
Mason. George, 103.

Page 418
Mason, James M., at dinner with, 98; as an envoy to England, 116-117, 125; on false news, 104.
McCaa, Col. Burwell Boykin, his death in battle, 229, 373.
McClellan, Gen. George B., advancing for a battle, 65; supersedes Scott, 98; as a coming king, 119; said to have been removed, 153; his force of men on the Peninsula 158; his army, 164; at Fair Oaks, 171; his lines broken, 187; followed by "Stonewall" Jackson, 193; prisoners taken from, 196; belief in his defeat, 198; destruction of his army expected, 200; his escape, 201; and Antietam, 213.
McCord, Cheves, 177.
McCord, Mrs. Louisa S., and her brother, 139; her faith in Southern soldiers, 175; of patients in the hospital, 182; a talk with, 199; on nurses, 203, 239; at her hospital, 317; sends a bouquet to President Davis, 328; a dinner with, 335; her horses, 336; her troublesome country cousin, 337.
McCullock, Ben, 50.
McDowell, Gen. Irvin, defeated at Bull Run, 91.
McDuffie, Mary, 136.
McFarland, Mrs., 236.
McLane, Col., 329.
McLane, Mrs., 85-86.
McLane, - , 92.
McMahan, Mrs., 210.
Meade, Gen. George G., fighting Lee, 258-259; his armies, 269.
Means, Gov. John H., 26, 33; a good-by to, 207, 214.
Means, Mrs. - , 37.
Means, Stark , 37.
Memminger, Hon. Mr., letter from, 164.
Memphis given up, 177; retaken, 323.
Merrimac, the, 136, 139, 140; called the Virginia, 148; sunk, 164.
Meynardie, Rev. Mr., 66; as a traveling companion, 68, 101.
Middleton, Miss, 348, 349; described, 353, 359; a letter from, 376.
Middleton, Mrs. - , 136, 154.
Middleton, Mrs. Tom, 26.
Middleton, Olivia, 338.
Miles, Col. - , an aide to Beauregard, 36; an anecdote by, 43, 54, 125.
Miles, Dr. Frank, 361.
Miles, William A., his love-affairs, 232-234.
Miller, John L., 309.
Miller, Stephen, 6.
Miller, Stephen Decatur, sketch of, 16; his body-servant, Simon, 225.
Miller, Mrs. Stephen Decatur, 216; ill in Alabama, 221; her return with the author, 226; an anecdote of her bravery, 243.
Milton, John, as a husband, 298.
Minnegerode, Rev. Mr., his church during Stoneman's raid, 245; his prayers, 277.
Mobile Bay, battle of, 319.
Moise, Mr. - , 178.
Monitor, the, 137, 139, 140.
Montagu, Lady Mary, 142.
Montgomery, Ala., the author in, 6-20; Confederacy being organized at, 6; speeches in Congress at, 12; Confederate flag raised at, 15; the author in, 47-56; a trip from Portland, Ala. to, 52: removal of Congress

Page 419
from, 55; society in, 166; hospitality in, 166; the author in, 220, 226-228.
Montgomery Blues, the, 6.
Montgomery Hall, 21.
Moore, Gen. A. B., 6; brings news, 8, 10, 15.
Morgan, Gen. John H., an anecdote of, 208; his romantic marriage, 242; in Richmond, 275; a dinner by, 276; his death reported, 326.
Morgan, Mrs. John H., her romantic marriage, 242.
Mormonism, 143.
Morris Island, 31; being fortified, 195.
Moses, Little, 134.
Mt. Vernon, 63.
Mulberry, a visit to, 2, 21; portrait of C. C. Pinckney at, 32; the author at, 42; a stop at, 57; the author ill at, 127, 135; hospitality at, 169; a picnic at, 251; in spring, 308; Madeira from, 329; a farewell to, 340; fears for, 354; reported destruction of, 381; results of attack on, 386; a dinner at, 403.

NAPIER, LORD, 176.
Napoleon III, 136.
Nashville, evacuation of, 134.
Nelson, Warren, 143.
Newbern, lost, 144.
New Madrid, to be given up, 146.
New Orleans, taken by Farragut, 158-159; a story from, 178; men enlisting in, 188; women at, 188.
New York Herald, the, quoted, 9, 13, 18, 34, 43, 100; criticism by, 281, 298.
New York Tribune, the, quoted, 89, 96, 107.
Nickleby, Mrs., 131.
Norfolk, burned, 164.
Northrop, Mr. - , abused as commissary-general, 97.
Nott, Henry Deas, on the war, 103.

OGDEN, CAPT. - , 327, 333, 367.
Orange Court House, 74.
Ordinance of Secession, passage of, 4.
Ossoli, Margaret Fuller, 32.
Ould, Judge, 247.
Ould, Mrs., a party of hers, 259, 274, 280; gives a luncheon, 302.
Owens, Gen. - , 48.

PALMER, DR. - , 326.
Palmetto Flag, raising the, 2.
Parker, Frank, 303.
Parkman, Mrs., 235.
Patterson, Miss - , 345.
Pea Ridge, battle of, 139.
Pemberton, Gen. John C., 219, 247.
Penn, Mrs. - , 281.
Petersburg, an incident at, 255; prisoners taken at, 323.
Petigru, James L., his opposition to secession, 24, 36; refuses to pray for Mr. Davis, 63, 284.
Pettigrew, Johnston, offered a brigadier-generalship, 145, 171, 173.
Phillips, Mrs., 201.
Pickens, Gov. Francis W., "insensible to fear," 3; and Fort Sumter, 5; a telegram from, 9; a fire-eater, 29; orders a signal fired, 33; a call from, 151, 181; has telegram from Mr. Davis, 190; serenaded, 204.
Pickens, Mrs. Francis W., 29,

Page 420
134, 149; her reception to Gen. Wade Hampton, 192-193.
Pillow, Gideon J., at Fort Donelson, 140.
Pinckney, Cha les C., 32.
Pinckney, Miss - , 32.
Pizzini's, 111.
Poe, Edgar Allan, 258.
Polk, Gen. Leonidas, and Sherman, 291, 298.
Pollard, Mr. - , dinner at home of, 9.
Porcher, Mr. - , drowned, 107.
Portland, Ala., a visit to, 52.
Portman, Mr. - , 373.
Port Royal, 137.
Potter, Gen. Edward E., 387.
Preston, Jack, 343.
Preston, Gen. John S., at Warrenton, 82; as to prisoners in Columbia, 133; ruined by the fall of New Orleans, 159; on gossiping, 162; his entertainments, 168, 207; with Hood at a reception, 284, 323; return of his party from Richmond, 373; on horseback, 374; a good-by from, 375; going abroad, 382.
Preston, Mrs. John S., 39; goes to Manassas, 69, 94; quoted, 130, 143; a dinner with, 157; a ball given by, 167; her fearlessness, 168; a call with, 180; at a concert, 193; an anecdote by, 295-296.
Preston, Mary C., goes to Mulberry, 134, 136, 143; a drive by with Mr. Venable, 150; with Gen. Chesnut, 159; a talk with, 162; gives Hood a bouquet, 231; made love to, 233, 256; greets Gen. Hood, 263, 283, 296; her marriage, 327; a dinner to, 330.
Preston, Sally Buchanan Campbell, called "Buck," 150, 167; made love to, 233, 266; why she dislikes Gen. Hood, 286, men who worship, 288; and Gen. Hood, 289, 291; on horseback, 303.
Preston, Miss Susan, 36.
Preston, Willie, 43; his death, 315.
Preston, William C., 105, 362.
Pride, Mrs. - , 370, 372, 373.
Prince of Wales, the, his visit to Washington, 207.
Pringle, Edward J., letter from, 4, 27.
Pringle, Mrs. John J., 186.
Pryor, Gen. Roger A., 37.

RACHEL, MADAM, in Charleston, 238.
Randolph, Gen. - , 147.
Randolph, Mrs. -, described, 105; and Yankee prisoners, 107; her theatricals, 275.
Ravenel, St. Julien, 365.
Reed, Wm. B., arrested, 113.
Reynolds, Mrs. - , 22.
Rhett, Albert, 165.
Rhett, Mrs. Albert, 147.
Rhett, Barnwell, desired for President of the Confederacy, 6; as a man for president, 104.
Rhett, Barnwell, Jr., 148.
Rhett, Burnet, to marry Miss Aiken, 21 .
Rhett, Edmund, 150, 313-314.
Rhett, Grimke, 200.
Rice, Henry M., 205.
Rich Mountain, battle of, 119.
Richmond, going to, 66; the author in, 68-76; return to, from White Sulphur Springs, 82-126; a council of war in, 83; when Bull Run was fought, 85-89; Robert E. Lee seen in, 93-94;

Page 421
at the hospitals in, 108-111; women knitting socks in, 113; agreeable people in, 120; Gen. Chesnut called to, 157; hospitality in, 167; a battle near, 171, 174; the Seven Days' fighting near, 197-198; return to, 229-239; Gen. Hood in, 229-231; a march past in, 231; a funeral in, 237; during Stoneman's raid, 239, 247; at Mr. Davis's in, 244, the enemy within three miles of, 246, at the War-Office in, 247-248; return to, 252-303; the journey to, 252-256; to see a French frigate near, 259; Gen. Hood in, 265-269, 271; merriment in, 272-277, 282-287; a huge barrack, 278; almost taken, 293-294; Dahlgren's raid, 294; Kilpatrick threatens, 296, 298; fourteen generals at church in, 299; returned prisoners in, 301; a farewell to, 302-304; Little Joe Davis's death in, 305-306; anxiety in, 330; fall of, 377.
Roanoke Island, surrender of, 132.
Robertson, Mr. - , 385.
Rosecrans, Gen. William S., 248; at Chattanooga, 258.
Russell, Lord, 136.
Russell, William H., of the London Times, 40, 50; criticisms by, 52; his criticisms mild, 60; rubbish in his letters, 64; attacked, 66; abuses the South, 74; his account of Bull Run, 96, 113; his criticisms of plantation morals, 114; on Bull Run, 117; his "India," 208.
Rutledge, Mrs. Ben., 348.
Rutledge, John, 31.
Rutledge, Julia, 240.
Rutledge, Robert, 14.
Rutledge, Sally, 212.
Rutledge, Susan, 5.

SANDERS, GEORGE, 12.
Saussure, Mrs. John de, 15; a good-by from, 67.
Saussure, Wilmot de, 89, 107, 109.
Scipio Africanus, a negro, 391, 397.
Scott, Gen. Winfield, anecdote of, 7; and officers wishing to resign, 10; on Southern soldiers, 182.
Scott, Mrs. Winfield, 19.
Secession in South Carolina, 2; the Convention of, 3; support for, 5.
Secessionville, battle of, 191.
Seddon, Mr. J. A., 247.
Semmes, Admiral R., 236; a charade-party at his house, 272-273; and the surrender of the Alabama, 314.
Semmes, Mrs., her calmness, 294.
Seven Days' Battle, last of the, 194; Gen. Chesnut's account of, 197.
Seven Pines, battle of, 171.
Seventh Regiment, of New York, the, in Baltimore, 41.
Seward, William H., 17, 33, 104; quoted, 146; reported to have gone to England, 203; attempted assassination of, 380.
Shakespeare, William, as a lover, 296-297.
Shand, Nanna, 158.
Shand, Rev. Mr., 194, 195.
Shannon, William M., 21.
Shannon, Capt. - , a call from, 106.
Sharpsburg. See Antietam.
Sherman, Gen. William T., at Vicksburg, 219; marching to Mobile, 291, his work in Mississippi, 299, between Lee and Hood, 327; to catch Lee in the

Page 422
rear, 331; his march to the sea 333; at Augusta, 334; going to Savannah, 336; desolation in his path, 340-341; marching constantly, 342; no living thing in his path, 354-355, 356, 357; burning of Columbia, 358, 362; correspondence with Gen. Hampton, 359; promise of protection by, to Columbia, 372; at the fall of Richmond, 377; ruin in his track, 384; remark of, to Joe Johnston, 390; accuses Wade Hampton of burning Columbia, 396.
Shiloh, battle of, 156.
Simms, William Gilmore, 43, 145.
Singleton, Mrs., 184, 194, 237; her orphan grandchildren, 238.
Slidell, Mrs. - , 149.
Smith, Gen. Kirby, wounded, 87, 90; as a Blücher, 94, 317, 323.
Somerset, Duke of, his son in Richmond, 203.
Soulouque, F. E., his career in Hayti, 74.
South Carolina, the secession of, 2, 4; attack on, 10; a small State, 70.
Spotswood Hotel, the, 59; the author at, 69; a miniature world, 70; the drawing-room of, 79.
Spottsylvania Court House, battles around, 310.
Stanard, Mr. - , 94.
Stanton, Edwin M., 310.
Stark, Mary, 95, 146.
St. Cecilia Society, the, balls of, 30.
St. Michael's Church, and the firing on Fort Sumter, 35.
Stephens, Alexander H., 10; elected Vice-President, 12; his fears for the future, 49.
Stockton, Philip A., his clandestine marriage, 120-122.
Stockton, Mrs. Edward, 251.
Stockton, Emma, 272.
Stoneman, Gen. G. S., his raid 239, 244, 245; before Atlanta, 317, 377.
Stony Creek, battle of, 313.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 143, 189.
Stuart, Gen. Jeb, his cavalry, 187, 277.
Sue, Eugene, 46.
Sumner, Charles, 74.
Sumter, S. C., an awful story from 401, 402.

TABER, WILLIAM, 26.
Taliaferro, Gen. - , 317.
Taylor, John, 392.
Taylor, Gen. Richard, 227.
Taylor, Willie, 165.
Team, Adam, 252, 254, 256.
Thackeray, W. M., quoted, 110; on American hostesses, 168; his death, 281.
Thomas, Gen. George H., his forces, 333; and Gen. Hood, 338; wins the battle of Nashville, 339, 340.
Thompson, John R., 258, 260, 298.
Thompson, Mrs. John R., 204.
Togno, Madame - , 151.
Tompkins, Miss Sally, her hospital, 111.
Toombs, Robert, an anecdote told by, 7, 20; thrown from his horse and remounts, 97, 101; as a brigadier, 108; in a rage, 132; his criticisms, 171; denounced, 179.
Toombs, Mrs. Robert, a reception given by, 48, 53; a call on, 112.
Toombs, Miss - , anecdote of, 193.

Page 423
Trapier, Gen. - , 148.
Trapier, Rev. Mr., 394, 397.
Trenholm, Capt. - , 133.
Trescott, William H., 24, 29, 70; says Bull Run is a victory leading to ruin, 92; his dinners, 153.
Trezevant, Dr. - , 198, 339.
Trimlin, Milly, 400-401.
Tucker, Capt., 273.
Tyler, Miss, 14.

UNCLE TOM'S CABIN, 142, 184.
Urquhart, Col. - -, 313.

VALLANDIGHAM, CLEMENT B., 216.
Velipigue, Jim, 63.
Venable, Col., 36, 40; reports a brave thing at Bull Run, 92; on the Confederate losses at Nashville, 134; his comment on an anecdote, 138; on toleration of sexual immorality, 143, 144; an aide to Gen. Lee, 172, 187; describes Hood's eyes, 230, 257; quoted, 289.
Vicksburg, gunboats pass, 205; surrender of, reported, 219, 220; must fall, 247; a story of the siege of, 295.
Virginia, and secession, 5.
von Borche, Major - , 268, 272; his name, 285.

WALKER, JOHN, 394.
Walker, William, 384.
Walker, Mrs. - , 49, 112.
Wallenstein, translations of, 162.
Ward, Matthias, an anecdote by, 51.
Washington, city of, deserted, 27; alarming news from, 49; why not entered after Bull Run, 90; how news of that battle was received in, 91; Confederates might have walked into, 103; state dinners in, 166.
Washington, George, at Trenton, 237.
Washington, L. Q., letters from, 158, 164, 245.
Watts, Col. Beaufort and Fort Sumter, 42; a touching story of, 43, 147.
Wayside Hospital, the, 205; the author at, 321.
Weston, Plowden, 160.
West Point, Ga., 220.
Whitaker, Maria, and her twins, 45, 386.
Whiting, Col. - , 31.
Whiting, Gen. - , 307.
Whitner, Judge, 26.
Wigfall, Judge L. T., 29; speech by, 30; angry with Major Anderson, 48, 69; and Mr. Brewster, 73; quoted, 91; with his Texans, 96; an enemy of Mr. Davis, 102; reconciled with Mr. Davis, 104; still against Mr. Davis, 261; and Joe Johnston's removal, 320; going to Texas, 373; on the way to Texas, 377; remark of, to Simon Cameron, 400.
Wigfall, Mrs. L. T., 28; a visit with, 32; talk with, about the war, 33, a telegram to, 59; quoted, 84; a drive with, 96; a call on, 266, 275.
Wilderness, the battle of the, 310.
Williams, Mrs. David R. (the author's sister, Kate), 127, 329, 351, 399.
Williams, Mrs. John N., 129.
Williamsburg, battle at, 161, 171.
Wilson. Henry, at Manassas, 89.

Page 424
Winder, Miss, arrested, 113.
Withers, Judge - , 21, 60.
Withers, Kate, death of, 403.
Witherspoon, John, 250, 404.
Witherspoon, Mrs. - , found dead, 129.

YANCEY, WILLIAM L., talk from, 120; letter from, to Lord Russell, 136.
"Yankee Doodle," 20.
Yorktown, siege and evacuation of, 161.

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A Diary from Dixie, Mary Boykin Miller Chesnut, 1823-1886

The Dixie Project at Christogenea

A Diary From Dixie, Chapter 21, Part 1

XXI. CAMDEN, S. C.

May 2,1865 - August 2, 1865

INDEX

Richard Kelly Hoskins